Igihe

Author: b_igi_adm1n

  • Kagame urges Rwandans to work hard

    By:Randa Rugangazi

    Today, the 17th annual liberation day celebrations were held at the Amahoro National Stadium. This year’s theme is continued economic liberation from poverty. The day is also a time commemorate the Rwandan Armed Forces that led a liberation struggle 17 years ago.

    Previously, the liberation day marked the liberation struggle that toppled Habyarimana’s government and stopped the 1994 genocide. In recent years, the liberation day is more inclusive to the general citizenry’s economic and social achievements.

    The citizenry’s achievements were given in the accounts of a former refugee who fled to neighbouring to DR Congo in 1994. He thanked his friends who had convinced him to return home. He also expressed gratitude for government programs that offered him with opportunities to improve on his agricultural skills.

    President Paul Kagame in a brief speech emphasized that Rwandans need to continue their hard work; in their course to improve their livelihood and achieving goals, they have set for themselves.

    “Our mission is to fulfil the goals we started 17 years ago. Let us not have those who sacrificed their lives for the liberation struggle remain in vain.” said President Kagame, “As Rwandan citizens, we are the only ones who know where we want our country to go. It is only us who can give our country the value it deserves.”

    In his conclusive remarks, President Kagame thanked all Rwandan citizens for their commitment to rebuilding the country and poverty eradication, “I want to thank you for your continued hard work and sacrifice in building our country”.

  • Ethiopia, Rwanda discuss commodity exchange

    Igihe.com has learnt that the CEO of Ethiopia Commodity Exchange,Dr. Eleni Gabre-Madhin, is in Rwanda to discuss the possibility of adding some of Rwanda’s commodities into the commodity exchange.

    Gabre-Madhin says, “I am very excited to see the great progress made by Rwanda and to re-acquaint myself, though briefly, with the wonderful people I always remember”.

    She lived in Kigali for four years during her childhood and attended the Belgium School of Kigali (Ecole Belge de Kigali). This is her first trip back to Rwanda since she left in 1978.

    During her two-day trip, Gabre-Madhin accompanied by three colleagues will meet with Dr. Agnes Kalibata the Minister of Agriculture and Animal Resources and discuss the possibility of adding some of Rwanda’s commodities into the Commodity Exchange.

    The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange was established in 2008 and works to eliminate “food shortages and hunger in Ethiopia.”

    In December 2005, Ethiopian government established a Commodity Exchange aimed at transforming the country’s agriculture and bringing real progress toward the country’s poverty reduction and rural growth objectives.

    The exchange trades in six crops, including coffee, wheat, and maize, both on a physical trading floor in Addis Ababa and electronically.

  • Eyes wide shut: Violence against women, Rwandan Culture

    By: Supreetha Gubbala

    Speak no evil, hear no evil, see no evil. This seems to be the policy of the women who participated in the 2004 National Research on Violence Against Women, conducted by the MIGEPROF in conjunction with USAID.

    The most startling result revealing that if domestic violence should occur, 71% of Rwandan women would not take any significant measures to stop it.

    The report also revealed that Rwandan women today are facing two main types of gender-based violence: Domestic and Community Violence. In summary, one committed by the partner, and one that is not.

    With approximately 13% of women being victims of at least one act of physical violence and as many as 1 in every 4 women being victims of sexual violence between 1999-2004.

    In regards to the married women, 40% of women reported suffering from domestic violence more than three times a year, with 17% reporting an injury or broken bone as a result. Out of those injured only 8% have sought for medical attention.

    In fact almost half (46%) of the women who have experienced domestic violence never told a soul, with less than 1 percent ever going to the police.

    Perhaps this is because over 40% attributed abuse to excessive drinking or money issues. But perhaps, it is due to greater societal barriers and attitudes that still exist today.

    Domestic violence seems to be the currently dominating type of GBV in Rwanda, with violence increasing along with the number of children in a household.

    Among the women who have experienced violence in their homes over half prefer to pray or forget. Despite alternative causes for this reaction, much may lie in the way gender roles are constructed in Rwanda

    Gender roles in Rwanda reflect the specific beliefs and expectations that many African societies assign to women, men, boys and girls on the basis of their sex.

    UnityClub Analysis of Rwandan Culture as an Engine to Sustainable Development in Rwanda (2010) revealed that the ideal Rwandese woman was described using the following adjectives: “Calmness, softness, kindness, decency, discretion, endurance, patience, faithfulness and tolerance.”

    Whereas an ideal Rwandese man is defined by “authority, leadership, self-control, business management, pride, seriousness, dignity, solidarity, hardworker, patriotic, noble by heart and higher ambitions of honestly, justice and truthfulness.”

    Emmanuel Nzaramba, the MIGEPROF representative told Igihe.com, “Our culture like any other in the world is dynamic. For sure there are issues in our cultures that can promote GBV, but interestingly in the same culture, there are other issues (positive values) that can contribute to addressing GBV.”

    Whether or not there is a direct connection between cultural ideals and perpetuation of GBV can never be linked for causation.

    However, one result is clear. As much as the GBV education must involve the education of perpetrators, nothing can be accomplished without active participation of possible victims.

    A MIGEPROF analysis of the deeply rooted social characteristics of conjugal relations in Rwanda only confirms the above.

    68% of Rwandan women agree with the fact that an exemplary wife owes unconditional obedience to her husband and 64% agree that a woman must consent to sexual relationships with her husband even if she’s not in the mood.

    Finally a whopping 78% believe conjugal problems are not to be discussed outside of the family.

    Reading these statistics it is not surprising that most abused choose to turn the other cheek. The current family and gender norms for young girls whether or not it can be seen daily clearly play into the power dominances that fuel GBV.

    In fact, based on what has been revealed in the studies, it is clear that models of male authority and female submission are still being transmitted from one generation to the next with few questions asked and few changes made.

    However, as concluded by the study, “The only difference between now and modern days is that modernization has revealed to a woman her rights and she has been aware of the violence that she undergoes and how to denounce it.”

    This awareness is what makes this particular generation’s mandate greater than those who came before us. Studies have revealed time and again that despite national evidence of violence against women, evidence of women’s cultural apathy to these conditions also exists nationwide.

    Nzaramba informed Igihe.com that the MIGEPROF plan already focuses on, developing policy and strategic plans to address gender inequality.

    The plan also seeks to enact gender sensitive laws or review those that contain gender discriminatory provisions. It also involves disseminating such policies and laws enabling people to know their rights and be able to claim them.

    Finally the plan focuses on conducting awareness campaigns mobilizing and involving the community, especially engaging boys and men to adopt positive masculinity.”

    Therefore, it seems the Ministry has already focused greatly on paving the road for this generation’s women to face GBV. All that is left for women to actually walk on it.

    In regards to the future generation Nzaramba told Igihe.com, “Ground is being prepared for them to live in a GBV free country. This includes programs in place aiming at educating and empowering girls in all areas of life.”

    While the Ministry prepares for such a world, it is time for the young women of Rwanda to have the agency to enact such a world in their everyday life and attitudes. Otherwise the country may be pummeling head first into a national hypocrisy.

    Now no one said it was easy because your own culture is not an easy thing to pick and choose from. But the time for our generation has come to make a choice.

    Young Rwandan women nationwide whether it be in the rural villages or in the heart of Kigali city, have never been more aware of their rights as they are today.

    This is the political climate and national attitude women have been waiting for to make a permanent change, and the time will never be as ripe as now.

    Nzaramba is hopeful for this change, “By focusing on the positive values in our culture, with the political will and gender sensitive policies and laws, we are optimistic that gender inequality will ultimately be eliminated. Of course this will take some time, but at least we are sure of where we are going and know what it takes to get there.”

    In fact, the Demographic Health Survey of 2010 conducted from January-March of this year has included two sections on GBV. First a section containing solely questions on domestic violence and second, a section of women’s autonomy and domestic violence.

    The results are currently being compiled and are expected to be released in the near future. All I can do is hold my breath, open my eyes and hope unusually, that it will prove me wrong.

  • Red-Cross donates 12 houses to genocide orphans

    Gasabo’s vice mayor in charge of economy and development Jean-Claude Munara has encouraged residents to assist orphans who are independently surviving on their own.

    He made the remarks while officially launching 12 houses constructed by Rwanda’s Red-Cross to orphans of its former employees killed during the genocide.

    The plan is to construct 30 houses to shelter over 25 orphans situated in Bumbogo sector. The Red-Cross team donated 23 piglets to assist the beneficiaries in generating income.

    Red-Cross secretary general Appolonaire Karamaga emphasized that empowering orphans economically would drastically improve their welfare. He also urged well-off people to join in the cause of alleviating poverty as well as enhancing the economy.

    Prior to Bumbogo visit, the delegation launched a monument containing names of Red-Cross staff killed and children during the 1994 war.

    “This should be a symbol to remind us the holocaust that happened to our country in order to avoid a repeat of the same,” Karamagi remarked adding that, “even foreigners visiting our institution will be shown the monument so that they fully understand the tragedy we faced because some don’t have the time to visit genocide memorial sites and might be mislead by genocide deniers.”

    The gravestones are also in line with National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide (CNLG) campaign to encourage institutions to create monuments for their employees killed in the genocide war.

    CNLG executive secretary Jean-de-Dieu Mucyo has on several occasions emphasized that with the truth (monuments) laid in several institutions compounds, the gesture would restrict the spread of genocide ideology.

  • Ndizeye retains Gasabo RPF chair

    The current Gasabo district Mayor, Willy Ndizeye has been this morning elected for the second time to district RPF chairperson.

    Ndizeye won with 394 while his contender Gerald Mukubu got only 58 of the total votes. The total number of voters were 437.

    In an interview with Igihe.com, Ndizeye said that during his first term as the district RPF party chairman,a big number of people joined the political party and that almost 80-90% of theparty’s anticipated targets have been achieved.

    “We have managed to get a big number of new entrants into the party that are also committed to do what is required of them as members, as compared to the past days.”

    “As elect chairperson to this position once again, I will start immediately from where we are now, and continue working tirelessly ensuring that RPF’s anticipated programs are fully achieved since the association is also the country’s engine,” Ndizeye said.

    He also added that as the chairperson at the same time Mayor of Gasabo district, the above programs will be done through promoting the community’s well being, ensure infrastructural development like constructing roads, electricity, and water among others.

    Ndizeye is a father of two kids and a resident of Ubumwe village, Rukiri 1 cell, Remera sector,gasabo district, and has been a member of RPF party for 20 years.

    Yvonne Banamwana was elected the Vice Chairperson of Gasabo district. Safari Pascal was also elected chairperson for the district Youth seat.

    The election process of RPF chairpersons at the district level is ongoing across the country and as for the Kigali city chair is slated for next weekend.

  • Journalist attacked for exposing Kayumba terror network

    The Media High Council executive secretary Patrice Mulama has said that investigations to the brutal attack on Jean Gaulbert Burasa a journalist and an editor of Rushyashya newspaper is underway.

    “Right now we can’t conclude anything because we’ve not talked to the accused ‘Paul Ruhamyambuga’ and we’re yet to go to the scene to gather more information,” he remarked.

    Mulama further explained that, attack to journalists is condemnable especially while their on duty. “Normally we conduct our own investigations and once we find that the journalist was assaulted we not only condemn the act but also assist relevant institutions like the police and courts to bring justice.”

    In Rwanda cases of attacks aganist journalist are minimal though many go unreported. “We’re aware that some journalists have been denied entrance and sometimes their tools such as cameras and recorders have been confiscated,” he remarked adding that, “we’re sensitizing the public how to cooperate with the press since it facilitates their delivery as watchdogs and mouth piece to the public,” he encouraged.

    Currently MHC is encouraging judicial personnel to put tough sentences to those found guilty of assaulting journalists.

    According to Burasa he was attacked by Paul Ruhamyambuga well known for his City Plaza building at bar nearby Cardilac night club. He claims that he was accused of writing articles exposing the collaboration of Kayumba Nyamwasa a renegade with Tribert Rujugiro a Rwandan tycoon who also happens to be Ruhamyambuga best friend.

    In a telephone interview conducted by our reporter Shaba Erick Bil, Burasa disclosed that the businessman called him for a meeting at bar nearby Cadillac and since he was attending a Bralirwa’s function at the night club’s gardens he decided to meet the businessman who had on several occasions invited him for a somewhat private talk.

    As usual Burasa had ignored his meetings since his instincts warned him of something dangerous, but he decided any way to meet Ruhamyambuga with accompaniment of his fellow journalists who also doubted the nature of the invitation.

    Upon their arrival at the bar, two of the journalists accompanying Burasa were heavily rebuked by the City Plaza boss who was seated with several men. “What are you doing here you good for nothing journalists, I only called Burasa not you, or you think your reckless newspapers are so professional, get the hell out of here,” he remarked.

    The admonished journalists had no choice but to leave their dear Burasa in the arms of men whom they didn’t trust their intentions. After his colleagues went the Rushyashya editor claims that he was not given a chance to order a drink before one of the Ruhamyambuga’s men started criticizing his writings especially on Kayumba and his political clique.

    With no time the group started throwing harsh words to sole Burasa who stood by his grounds in defending his professionalism, this seemed to have annoyed one of the men who couldn’t take it and jumped towards Burasa and strangled his neck almost taking his breath away.

    Burasa who’s skinny and has a height of about 1.85 couldn’t struggle more with the man who was slightly bigger than him. “I was taken to a nearby building which was unfinished and no one was there to hear me cry for help, he only let me go after I nearly lost all my strength,” he remarked.

    So far Burasa has filed a complaint to the police Criminal Investigation Department (CID) and the MHC. Police spokesman Theos Badege affirmed that investigations were still on progress.

    Up to now Ruhamyambuga has refused to comment on the matter.

  • Men key in fight against gender-based violence

    By: Supreetha Gubbala

    Rwanda Men’s Resource Center (RWAMREC) has urged Rwanda males to play role in eradicating any gender-related violence to women in the country.

    The call was made Thursday at a workshop organized by RWAMREC at Hotel Milles Collines to disseminate and discuss the findings of September 2010 study conducted by the organization.

    The study based on perception and experience men and women involved 1311 women and 2301 men.

    Eduoard Munyamaliza, the Executive Secretary told Igihe.com that most significant results on perceptions are culturally-based and are impediments to gender promotion as well as prevention GBV in Rwanda.

    He said the findings of the survey revealed that some negative attitudes are still existent on the grassroots level among couples.

    Over all, the study revealed that more than half (57.2%) of the women in the study have experienced GBV by their partner, with 39% of men admitting to be the aggressors.

    The highest type of violence reported by women was forced sex, topping the charts at 32.4%, while only 4% of men ever admitted to committing this type of violence.

    Munyamaliza noted that the reported numbers may even be lower than they should be because men are uncomfortable with admitting their specific acts.

    Despite initial fears of admittances, he noted: “We have discussed the results with men in all the districts, and most agreed this is the situation that prevails.

    “Fortunately, most of them were committed to do something to change this understanding.” He said adding that the overall gender attitudes of men also proved to be particularly discouraging with 57.4% of men believing that men have to dominate women while 62% agreed that women have to be submissive.

    The study attributed the prevalence of GBV to a various exposures to violence in peoples environments, but the greatest common experience of violence amongst men and women was the genocide.

    “80.4% of males and 79.1% of female respondents have witnessed genocide horrors and this may have caused trauma that could affect their control over emotions,” states in part.

    UNDP representative Marie Francoise said that the findings of the research will be the backbone for implementation of future policy preventing GBV and that the results will not only help RWAMREC, but all actors in preventing gender-based violence.

    After the launching of the findings, Munyamaliza urged young men and women to uphold cultural values that are positive and discard those that are negative because the negative ones are the basis of gender based violence.

    “It does not matter whether you are rich or poor because when you adhere to gender quality values you promote a healthy family and ultimately contribute effectively to the development of the entire nation.” He stressed.

  • Chello foundation awards President Kagame

    On Friday July 1, President Paul Kagame was awarded the Chello Foundation Humanitarian Award 2011 for his outstanding leadership of the Republic of Rwanda since 1994.

    The Chairman of the Chello Foundation, Shane O’Neill, in his remarks during the event that attracted over a hundred people, said that under Kagame’s leadership, Rwanda has become a nation globally recognized for its rapid socio-economic development as exemplified by its remarkable strides in providing equal access to quality education and health coverage to all Rwandans.

    “The African continent occupies a deep passionate place in my heart. When I see the development, huge energy, and vitality that have come into Rwanda, I realize that Kagame’s leadership has made that difference. He is an inspirational leader and it is my pleasure and privilege to have worked with him. I cannot think of anyone better for The Chello Foundation to give this Award to,” he said.

    While introducing President Kagame, Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair described Kagame as an inspirational leader in Africa and for people around the world.

    “I know in terms of what he’s done for his country’s economic development, but also what he’s done to try to bring the country together after the extraordinary, divisive and terrible time Rwanda went through in the 1994 Tutsi Genocide, it’s been a remarkable achievement,” Blair said.

    Accepting the award, President Kagame expressed what continues to drive Rwanda’s success, the belief in the kind of support that goes beyond sympathy and compassion and leads to self reliance.

    “Every child – regardless of geography, history or nationality – should receive the best support they need to help shape their country’s development and take control of their destiny. Let me say, however, that Africa cannot rely on goodwill from elsewhere forever. Nor should it want to,” Kagame said.

    “We must work together to ensure that the support we provide now is well utilized and sustainable. That way the people of Africa will be fully empowered to continue making choices that spur prosperity and contribute fully to their collective well being”.

    The Chello Foundation Humanitarian Award was established by the Trustees of the Chello Foundation in 2007. The award is given to an individual who has made a significant impact in improving the lives and outcomes of those most in need.

    It focuses on the education of orphans and vulnerable children impacted by the HIV epidemic in sub Saharan Africa; it is currently paying for 3500 Primary and Secondary children to go to school; the Chello Foundation is also established in Ireland and the US. It aims to have 5,000 orphans and vulnerable children in school by 2012.

    Today in Rwanda, 96% of girls and boys are enrolled under the universal primary education program, health coverage is at 91%, and intensified prevention and treatment programs for HIV/AIDS has led to a drop in prevalence from 11.2% to 3%.

  • My life as a liberator

    By: Dianah Mutimura

    Motivation, courage and above all the spirit of nationalism inspired Rwandan refugee females to contribute to the five year armed struggle that brought back hundreds of thousands of stateless Rwandans to their home country-Rwanda.

    Igihe.com had the opportunity to interview Capt. Jane Murebwayire and what encouraged her to join the army.

    Igihe.com:Tell us your names and background?

    Murebwayire:I am captain Jane Murebwayire, I was born in Uganda and I am fourth born child in the family of Eight. I won’t speak much about my family and I’m happily married with three children.

    I went to Juru primary school at Nyakivara(nakivale), in Uganda and Kololo Secondary School and thereafter joined the army when I was in senior five.

    Igihe.com: What motivated you to join the Army and how did your parents react to your decision?

    Murebwayire: My motivation came from, when Ugandans used to call us different names.We always had to hide our nationality in order to fit in society and obtaining education without discrimination. All this was in my mind and I wished to see my home country.

    It was not until I got contact with the then RPF/A cadres then secretly mobilizing people to take active part in the liberation struggle. We sometimes formed dancing groups and performed our cultural dance and folk songs. Thereafter, the cadres would sensitize us on the FPR liberation struggle and strategies.

    That’s how I became a member of RPF/A too.Precisely, that’s how I joined the army but remember, I never joined army because I liked the army but I wanted to liberate my country.

    My parents had no idea that i had joined the army. They only learnt of it later after i had already been conscripted. By that time, I was living with my uncle in Kampala, Uganda and left without informing him. I joined RPA after learning that my young brother had joined the military struggle.

    Igihe.com: What does it mean to be liberated?

    Murebwayire: To me, being liberated opens my mind everyday and makes me continue contributing to nation building with my heart, because Rwanda has really progressed since the war ended. Our government has initiated and implemented useful policies that reconstructed five year war damages and reconciliated all Rwandans .

    Igihe.com: What’s your experience as a liberator?

    Murebwayire: As a liberator, it gives me flashbacks of the past when I was in the bush; when other people are happy, me I am unhappy; not because I did not reach on my success but because I always remember all my fellow combatants who died before stepping in their mother country, yet that was their common dream.

    I cannot forget people that lost their lives for the sake of liberating Rwanda, like Shyaka who died on October 1st in 1990.

    Igihe.com :Why do we still have reluctance of women getting involved or joining the army?

    Murebwayire: Having strong self –confidence is a very big element of growing up and making hard decisions, like deciding to join the army that young ladies today fear because they think the army is a career for men only. Due to peer pressure, ladies need to exhibit self-esteem enabling them in making bold decisions; it’s important to know that you are a worthy human being.

    Igihe.com: What’s your opinion on cultural and religious impediments to gender equality benefits to the rural woman?

    In most African countries generally although Rwanda is better off, there are some cultural setbacks especially illiterate women that do not know their rights and are still living in the dark.

    Igihe.com: Rwanda has a respectable global position on women involvement in the management of affairs of the state. What message do you send to women in other countries that are negatively affected by gender-based policies due to culture and governance?

    Murebwayire: I advise women that are still suffering from anyform of gender discrimination to stand up for their constitutional rights. For example in my senior 4, our head prefect saw a lorry(truck) passing by and told me to summon all fellow Rwandans, insinuating that we shouldnt miss free transport to Rwanda.I got so annoyed me and from then I vowed to fight for my rights.

    Igihe.com: Do you think Rwanda is ready for a woman president?

    Murebwayire: I am confident that in the near future, if women continue to struggle for their rights with government support- why not? Who thought that U.S.A would have a black president? Positive minds are always important in society.

    Igihe.com: Isn’t it a challenge for a woman in combat and juggling military and family duties?

    Murebwayire: Well, I joined the army as early as 1989 while a student. At first my role as a cadre was to secretly mobilize Rwandans, teaching them about the beauty of RPF and the aim of repatriating Rwandan refugees to their rightful homeland.

    However, when I joined the bush in 1990 I thought the war would last like three days but unfortunately it didn’t turn out as i thought. My experience was never bad because my dream was to see my country and putting an end to manipulation and being called different names in exile.

    Regarding mixing work and family, I got married after the war in 1999 when there was no more fighting ; my work is normal like for others who work in different fields.

    Igihe.com: What’s your position on reducing the marriage age of a Rwandan girl from 21 to 18 years?

    As mother of two girls, I cannot wish my daughter to get married at 18 because she would young. I know you can say I joined army when I was young but that is a different case because marriage and army are two different things. In the army you are taught discipline but at 18 who will find you in your marriage and teach you how to take care of your husband?

    Igihe.com :What advice would you give to the young ladies who want to join the army but fear to risk?

    They should not fear to risk . As for me I joined the army knowing that we would fight for a shorter time but it took longer and I did not back off, I continued because I knew what I wanted. So young girls who want to be strong solders of tomorrow should follow what their conscience tells them.

  • JADF staff pay homage to genocide site

    By: MUTASA Stephen

    The Joint Action Development Forum (JADF), a local NGO that inspires people for accountability and development yesterday visited the genocide memorial center at Murambi, gikongoro nyamagabe.

    The JADF president Mutwarasibo Cyprien,also the vice mayor of Huye district told Igihe.com that the initiative was to visit the memorial site and donating to Orphans of genocide as the best way to commemorate the 17th anniversary.

    “We chose to visit the site as a way to have a different outlook for all the members and continue being change agents in the country,” He stressed. He led a delegation of the NGO’s employees from their head office at Butare town, Huye District.

    He pointed out that Murambi depicted an ideology that ought to be done away with in our society. All the members laid a wreath on the graves of the victims.

    They also took group prayers in honour of the 848 bodies still preserved at the site and donated 100,000 Frw to the genocide site.

    After the Murambi trip, the group proceeded to Tumba to visit the children orphaned by 1994 genocide atrocities.

    They donated frw555,000 to help the orphans as well as 300kg of beans and 90liters of cooking oil.

    Mr. Mutwarasibo advised the children not to lose hope and stand firm by having big dreams for they stand together with the organization and the community at large.

    According to Mutwarasibo, the organization started in 2010 under the National Decentralization Secretariat in conjunction with Holland, though the Huye district chapter had been in place.

    Mutwarangabo explained that JADF seeks to promote government programs through mobilization of its partners including Churches, the District and both local and foreign NGOs.

    Mr. Kayitare Leon Pierrepermanent secretary JADF added that on top of being change agents, they hoped to cultivate a culture of learning by practice to improve provision of services around the country through exhibitions and other activities.

    “we should remember the bad times as we struggle to build a better world” Kayitare stressed..

    The Sponsorship Facilitator at World Vision only identified as Olive, noted that this is a good initiative that helps people get to places they never would have on their own.

    She suggested that It is only through meeting with people that reconciliation can be achieved. “Let us all stand together and say NEVER AGAIN TO GENOCIDE” She emphasized.